Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with Epstein–Barr virus infection and progression to aggressive NK-cell leukemia: a case report and review of the literature

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection can mimic chronic active EBV of T- and NK-cell type (CAEBV-T/NK) in its clinical manifestation pathomorphology. FHLH genetic susceptibility to has not been previously reported. The development conjunction is rare needs further investigation understand characterize it. We report a case that mimicked CAEBV-T/NK, but progressed childhood aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL). patient remission following allogeneic hematopoietic stem transplantation (allo-HSCT). Our reported suggests patients infection, especially those symptoms similar may rapidly progress ANKL or other neoplastic diseases. Therefore, we must be aware these cases ensure are diagnosed correctly so they treated appropriately timely manner.